The population changes, included in the gross rates of total population change, can arise through variations in population caused by natural changes (births and deaths) and by migratory movements (gross rates of net migration).
How is social inequality distributed in Spain? The upper and middle classes
account for 33%, the middle and lower-middle classes for 24%, and the low
and very low classes for 43% of the population.
In Spain, not all immigrant groups are perceived equally. According to this
study, 35.9% of native Spaniards stated that they have positive contacts
with Moroccans, while the figure increased to 59.8% in relation to people
of Latin American origin.
In what way does our background affect wages? This report analyses the
evolution of wage trajectories among native and immigrant young people
between 2007 and 2015.
Racism and discrimination cause a deterioration of well-being and increase
the risk of social isolation of racialized migrants. This study shows that
social mentoring does not increase well-being in general, but acts as a
protective factor: it prevents discrimination from translating into greater
loneliness and contributes to maintaining social bonds of inclusion.
This study provides empirical data on social inclusion policies in Spain,
showing significant impacts on employment, social support, education,
digital skills and housing. The outcomes reinforce the importance of
designing evidence-based public policies.
The cheque bebé was a payment designed to incentivise the birth rate,
however its effect was limited. Although it helped some families to decide,
difficulty in reconciling work and motherhood has continued to be the main
obstacle to having more children.