The European Union set a target for the business sector to invest 2% of GDP
in R&D. How is the convergence of Spain and Portugal towards this goal
progressing?
What is society’s opinion regarding the possible impacts of science and
technology? Establishing citizen participation mechanisms is necessary to
generate confidence and detect points for improvement.
In Spain and Portugal, the proportion of innovative companies, and the
degree to which these collaborate with other companies and organisations,
is below the EU-27 average.
While the participation of female PhD holders in Portugal is situated above
the EU‑27 average in all fields of knowledge considered, in Spain the
participation of female PhD holders is situated below the European average
in the fields of art, humanities and social sciences.
The cheque bebé was a payment designed to incentivise the birth rate,
however its effect was limited. Although it helped some families to decide,
difficulty in reconciling work and motherhood has continued to be the main
obstacle to having more children.
Work-life balance policies that strengthen job stability can contribute to
increasing fertility by improving compatibility between work and
motherhood, but they also pose challenges for female recruitment.
Households in Spain and Portugal underwent significant change between 1991
and 2022. This report shows how the average household size has decreased,
the number of single-person households has increased, and shared living
structures have undergone transformation according to age and gender.