The European Union set a target for the business sector to invest 2% of GDP
in R&D. How is the convergence of Spain and Portugal towards this goal
progressing?
What is society’s opinion regarding the possible impacts of science and
technology? Establishing citizen participation mechanisms is necessary to
generate confidence and detect points for improvement.
In Spain and Portugal, the proportion of innovative companies, and the
degree to which these collaborate with other companies and organisations,
is below the EU-27 average.
While the participation of female PhD holders in Portugal is situated above
the EU‑27 average in all fields of knowledge considered, in Spain the
participation of female PhD holders is situated below the European average
in the fields of art, humanities and social sciences.
People aged from 60 to 75 years show favourable attitudes towards seeking
help for mental health, especially women, people with higher levels of
education, and those who have previously received psychological care.
However, a lack of knowledge of the resources available and difficulties
perceived in accessing them continue to be major obstacles.
Racism and discrimination cause a deterioration of well-being and increase
the risk of social isolation of racialized migrants. This study shows that
social mentoring does not increase well-being in general, but acts as a
protective factor: it prevents discrimination from translating into greater
loneliness and contributes to maintaining social bonds of inclusion.
This study provides empirical data on social inclusion policies in Spain,
showing significant impacts on employment, social support, education,
digital skills and housing. The outcomes reinforce the importance of
designing evidence-based public policies.