Back Technological change and universal basic income

Chapter

Cambio tecnológico y renta básica

Manuel Alejandro Hidalgo Pérez, Departamento de Economía, Métodos cuantitativos e Historia económica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla.;

La cuarta revolución tecnológica implica una serie de cambios en los modos de producción –y, en consecuencia, en las relaciones laborales– que exigen nuevas medidas de protección social. A pesar de que no se espera la aparición de desempleo tecnológico, el cambio tecnológico sí parece abundar en un aumento de la polarización salarial y de la desigualdad. Es por ello, y ante estas perspectivas, por lo que el debate sobre una renta básica universal ha cobrado interés en el ámbito académico y no académico.
Key points
  • 1
       La explicación del aumento de la desigualdad ha de tener en cuenta la conjunción de tres factores: los cambios tecnológicos y productivos, el comercio internacional y las instituciones.
  • 2
       El cambio tecnológico parece estar favoreciendo una transferencia de rentas entre factores; es decir, entre los trabajadores y el resto de los factores productivos como el capital.
  • 3
       La polarización del empleo es la causa de la enorme desigualdad salarial.
  • 4
       La cuarta revolución Industrial abre un futuro incierto. Los modos de empleo, los tipos de trabajo, la educación, la desigualdad y nuestras relaciones como individuos se verán afectados.
  • 5
       Las propuestas de profundizar en el desarrollo de los complementos a los ingresos de los más desfavorecidos por el cambio tecnológico mediante las transferencias públicas comienzan a ser seriamente consideradas. Frente a las rentas mínimas de inserción, o rentas complementarias condicionadas o de garantía de ingresos, asistimos a la irrupción de un debate sobre la posibilidad de aplicar una renta básica universal.

Classification

Tags

Subject areas

Related content

Report

Social welfare systems and inequality in Europe

Spain’s social protection system is less redistributive than those of other EU countries. What reforms could help reduce economic inequality in Spain?

Article

Private tuition and economic inequality in Spain

33% of pupils with lower economic capacity attend private tuition, in contrast with 57% of pupils with a higher profile. Differentials in participation in extracurricular activities in relation to economic capacity are greater in secondary school.

Article

What are working and living conditions like for artists and cultural workers?

Is it possible to earn a living from art? According to this study, over half of professionals perceive difficulties in terms of living off their work, with 60% stating that they earn below 1,500 euros. The most vulnerable group are young artists.

Article

Inequalities in covid-19 inequalities research: Who had the capacity to respond?

Did inequality exist in the research into the inequalities of covid-19? We analyse it in this comparative study focusing on research production, distribution and collaborations between countries.

Report

Job uncertainty and income redistribution preferences

The duality between temporary and permanent contracts conditions the labour market in Spain and causes differences in job security and income. What impact does this have on people’s redistribution preferences?

You may also find interesting

Introduction

Chapter

Introduction


Introduction by the report’s coordinator and director, Jordi Sevilla. Economist and former minister of Public Administrations (2004-2007). Available in Spanish.

Fringe benefits and guarantee of income: possibilities and limits

Chapter

Fringe benefits and guarantee of income: possibilities and limits


Can an income be guaranteed to the whole of society by assigning some type of fringe benefit to salaries? We review the main characteristics of fringe benefits based on different experiences, especially in English-speaking countries. Available in Spanish.

Problems with incentives: universal basic income versus minimum income benefit

Chapter

Problems with incentives: universal basic income versus minimum income benefit


Comparative analysis of universal basic income and the minimum income benefit. The effects of both on labour supply, funding costs or the problems for including these measures in the international context. Available in Spanish.