While the participation of female PhD holders in Portugal is situated above the EU‑27 average in all fields of knowledge considered, in Spain the participation of female PhD holders is situated below the European average in the fields of art, humanities and social sciences.

While women continue to opt for more socially-oriented courses, this report points out that the occupations most necessary in 2030 will be those linked to the digital economy.

In Spain, 10% of women perform care work, by far exceeding the 5% of male carers.

Child support benefits improve the economic situation of families and appear to be positive for increasing fertility rates. How can they be designed with efficiency?

Are benefits for supporting reconciliation designed to boost women’s labour participation effective, or do they lead to an increase in the wage gap?

Spain is one of EU countries with the highest proportion of childless women. Why?

The gender gap in hours worked has decreased during the pandemic, except among workers with young children. What personal situations lie behind this behaviour of the jobs market?

Despite the advances in recent decades, we are still a long way off from achieving
real gender equality. We analyse the differences in the labour sphere and in the
reconciliation of working life and family life.

According to this study, the gender gap in total hours of work, paid and unpaid, has increased to 16 hours during the pandemic.

Are mothers at a disadvantage when being considered for promotion at work? This study shows that they are not, providing that they have not taken options such as flexible or reduced working hours or teleworking.