Articles by subject area

Following the pandemic, 30% of men and 33% of women with children who are minors have been working from home at least one day a week. According to this study, this could favour greater equality in relation to family responsibilities.

In Spain, not all immigrant groups are perceived equally. According to this study, 35.9% of native Spaniards stated that they have positive contacts with Moroccans, while the figure increased to 59.8% in relation to people of Latin American origin.

This article presents a systematic review of the literature on rural vulnerability research in order to identify the different trends related to the sources of socio-environmental vulnerability in rural Spain.

Some 93% of children have heard of gender violence. Their preferential source of information is the school setting but, if faced with a situation of gender-based violence, they are unsure whether it would be the place to find help.

Are male and female judges equally likely to grant restraining orders in cases of gender-based violence? According to this study, gender alone is not a determining factor but it is a key factor, together with experience and caseload.

Does a gender gap exist in relation to household wealth? According to this study, the difference is more pronounced at advanced ages since, in old age, women have greater probabilities of being widowed and seeing their wealth limited.

Home care for elderly people should reconcile healthcare and care linked to social services. This study provides data on the application of a tool to coordinate and optimise these two types of care.

An experimental analysis of the preferred tax rates for different types of taxes, across a variety of taxpayer income and inheritance assumptions, and taking into account people’s perception of their own position in income distribution.

What impact has the economic crisis caused by covid-19 had on wage inequality? Have public subsidies been sufficient? We analyse which groups have been most affected.

How can empathy and moral principles be encouraged to promote more inclusive citizenship? This experiment was conducted within a university context and we explain its results.

A threat to public health, such as a pandemic, poses democratic dilemmas. To what extent do citizens accept the restricting of freedoms, the concentration of power, and technocratic logic in decision-making?

Knowing how the pandemic affected the population’s health is fundamental for understanding the challenges facing us right now. What do the figures tell us?

Is the welfare state biased in favour of elderly people? This article analyses the financial sustainability of the current system.

How can the experience of the developed world help other regions of the planet that are in earlier phases of demographic transition?

How are resources transferred between generations? This article gives you the keys to understanding this issue.

Spain is one of EU countries with the highest proportion of childless women. Why?

The gender gap in hours worked has decreased during the pandemic, except among workers with young children. What personal situations lie behind this behaviour of the jobs market?

To fight the pandemic, identifying the psychological factors that influence citizens’ attitudes is fundamental. This study reveals what Spanish people feel responsible for.

Which sectors of the population were most affected by ERTES and EREs in 2020? This article analyses the effects that they had on Spain's labour market.

The immigrant population, particularly women, have been the most vulnerable group affected by unemployment caused by the economic crisis derived from covid-19.

How do the elderly deal with loneliness? According to this study, 64% of them experience feelings of loneliness to some extent.

Poor health and job loss are the main factors associated with dissatisfaction with life during the covid-19 pandemic in Spain. Our analysis in this article.

Has covid-19 worsened feelings of loneliness? According to this study on over 55s in Andalusia, during lockdown feelings of loneliness increased from 47% to 56%, especially affecting women

One of the reasons why corruption is not punished at the ballot box is that we tend to avoid exposing ourselves to news about scandals affecting our favourite party.

Individuals in low-income households are increasingly more likely to have no wealth or have debt. Between 2002 and 2017, the share of individuals living in households that had debt increased from 3% to 9%.

What personal factors determine the decision to evade taxes? This article shows that over half of the Spanish population shows little inclination towards fraud.

Does ethnic discrimination exist in the second-hand market online? This study analyses its presence in transactions between buyers and sellers in Spain.

According to this study, the gender gap in total hours of work, paid and unpaid, has increased to 16 hours during the pandemic.

What were the consequences of the regularisation, in 2005, of 600,000 non-EU immigrants who were working in Spain? This study reveals that it did not lead to any “call effect”, but did lead to increased tax revenues.

Is it possible to secure better employment by working prior to obtaining a university qualification? This analysis shows that it is, but only if the job is related to the degree’s content.

Is the Learning and Performance Improvement Programme (PMAR) effective for the prevention of early school leaving? According to this study, participating in the PMAR increases the probability of obtaining an ESO qualification by 12%.

Labour precarity among young people especially affects women. They occupy worse-paid positions with higher rates of temporary work than men.

Involuntary self-employment in Spain (21.7% of self-employed people) exceeded the European average (16.9%) in 2017. This study indicates that involuntary self-employment is common among young people and people with a low educational level.

Does  it pay to be a micro-influencer? Some 62% of those interviewed in this study are dissatisfied with their earnings in relation to the impact that they generate in their communities.

Some 23.5% of pupils of immigrant origin leave school in the transition between compulsory and post-compulsory education. We analyse the differences by pupils' migration status and sex.

What role must teachers play to combat early leaving from education and training of young people of foreign origin? This study shows that their support is key and that they must count on the necessary resources for guiding pupils.

According to this study, in comparison with the year 2002, in 2010 there was an increase in the time that mothers, and even more so fathers, devoted to their children. Despite this, the gender gap persists.

Is the gig economy threatening workers’ wellbeing? The rise in temporary and self-employment, favoured by the digital platforms, seems to be affecting quality of life.

An experiment with an amateur football team reveals difficulties in social integration for people of foreign origin. When faced with similar profiles, team managers tended towards choosing players with local names. 

Can football alter opinions on immigration? According to this study, among a club’s followers, when the team wins thanks to foreign players, immigration is perceived more positively. 

Google searches for terms such as passport, salary, or social care, as well as the desired destination country, can offer clues regarding tendencies in migratory flows.

Do municipal councils in Spain reflect the diversity of origins of the population? We analyse access to local politics for immigrants and whether differences exist between the different foreign groups. 

The arrival of foreign pupils at state-owned schools caused the displacement of the children of native families with greater resources towards private schools. What effects does this displacement have on the quality of the public system?

In 2019, nearly 10% of residents in Spanish municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants had been born abroad. Is immigration rejuvenating and preserving activity in depopulated areas of Spain?

Do we work the number of hours we really want to? The percentage of young people who are experiencing imbalances has increased significantly over the last 10 years, especially among
those who would prefer to work more hours.

Four out of every ten workers in Spain, who have or are seeking a job, would be prepared to go and live somewhere else. Income and the professional career associated with upwards social mobility are the main reasons for interregional mobility.   

People who get their news via social media networks give more credit to fake news. This study underlines the difficulty of effectively combating false information. 

Between 1998 and 2008, the percentage of immigrant population in Spain grew from 3% to 13%. Did this favour the appearance of ghettos? Or was there balance in residential areas between natives and immigrants?

Things are becoming increasingly difficult for tax evaders, with the new big data and artificial intelligence techniques that detect hidden wealth, the abuse of aggressive tax engineering and money laundering.

People have important misperceptions regarding the level of taxes that they pay. Does knowing more change what we think about redistribution?

¿Does childhood obesity as a result of a disadvantaged family environment exist? This article points towards the fact that, in the face of psychological distress, many children use food as an escape valve, which causes a loss of control over their diet.

Despite a slight increase in participation by men, this study shows that housework and childcare represented a heavier workload for women during the lockdown.

Technology has played a key role in us continuing to work and study from home, but also in leisure and communication. We spent, on average, over 9 hours a day in front of screens. Does greater consumption mean more or less wellbeing?

Are mothers at a disadvantage when being considered for promotion at work? This study shows that they are not, providing that they have not taken options such as flexible or reduced working hours or teleworking.

The gender gap in employment prior to covid-19 stood at around 16.5%. This article assesses the impact of economic crises and analyses the evolution of female employment between 1980 and 2017.

“In-work poverty” has the greatest impact on women and young people, and this was the case before the covid-19 crisis. This article shows that between 2010 and 2014, the median wage fell by 5.2%.

How do families solve the problem of balancing work and family life when school finishes for the summer? Women bear the brunt in the labour sphere.

The increase in economic inequality in recent years in Spain translates into the richest 1% of the population obtaining a higher income than the poorest 50%. What lies behind this concentration of capital?

Is labour polarisation occurring in Europe? This study, prior to the covid-19 crisis, shows that in Spain, in barely 25 years, employment in higher-quality occupations has almost doubled. 

We analyse the relative influence of the family background and the skills of each person on social mobility. Are there differences between the Nordic countries and those in southern Europe such as Italy and Spain? 

The impact of the covid-19 crisis on the labour market is being more pronounced in the Mediterranean countries and is concentrated on workers with low salaries and in precarious jobs, as well as women and younger workers.

Healthcare spending is unequal: it increases with age and is higher among men than women. Furthermore, 5% of the population is responsible for 50% of total expenditure. We analyse the factors that explain this, within a pre-covid-19 scenario.

A lack of investment in innovation, major employment precarity and a lack of refresher training are obstacles for tackling the digitalisation of the Spanish economy. We analyse the causes.    

In Spain barely 3.3% of the total of social transfers in the year 2016 targeted children, against the European average of 9%. However, this study shows that it is the most effective way of eradicating poverty.

Despite the economic recovery, in 2018 three out of every ten children were living in a situation of anchored poverty. Poverty during childhood has consequences throughout life. We analyse its impact.

Two out of every three workers in manual occupations are men, and women continue to be a minority in occupations such as construction, and industry. What factors influence segregation by gender in the labour market?

Caring for children and dependent elderly people, cooking, cleaning the house… what economic value can we attribute to unpaid domestic tasks? We calculate what this invisible work would represent for Spain’s GDP. 

The most visible face of loneliness is the feeling of not having people to call on or trust in case of need. Who does it affect most? We analyse the influence of factors such as age and gender.  

According to this study, following new additions to the family only 4% of fathers requested reduced working hours, versus 37.7% of mothers. 

Stress, depression, insomnia, tension, feeling of uselessness… This article analyses how the mental health of workers was affected by the economic crisis and long-term unemployment.  

Behind rejection of the other, and xenophobia, lie factors such as the country’s macroeconomic evolution, individual economic vulnerability and worker exposure to job competition.

The welfare system in Spain has never paid great attention to housing. However, it is a key aspect and one that has repercussions in other dimensions such as health and education.

Employment precarity is an obstacle to accessing home ownership for young people. Rental, which is more expensive, or family solidarity are the main alternatives for setting up a home.

We evaluate the difficulties faced by young people in accessing an own home and what demographic effects this situation has.

Access to housing through renting is increasing in Spain although it is the least secure form of housing tenure on an economic, contractual and legal basis. We analyse which groups are the most affected.

Diet, leisure, housing conditions… do children who live in single-parent households suffer greater material deprivation? We analyse what influence income level and gender have.    

Does the phenomenon of the "working poor" spread? Among other effects of the economic crisis, temporary and part-time jobs have increased and wages have been reduced.

Are women worse at competing? This article shows that factors exist, of a cultural nature, that can explain part of the discrimination that women suffer in the jobs market.   

Does emigration always bring with it a dose of ambition? We analyse whether immigrants are more oriented toward success, risk, and money than their non-migrant compatriots.

Where and by whom do we prefer to be cared for when facing dependency? We analyse the role of the family and of public and private services as care providers.  

An experiment in gender discrimination confirms that, under equal conditions, women have 30% fewer probabilities of being invited to a job interview.

In which European countries is the work-family conflict greatest? What measures for reconciliation are most popular among men and women? We analyse company policies and satisfaction among families.

Will new-generation technologies substitute the most routine jobs? Discover the impact of automation on the world of work. 

Is living longer synonymous with good health? The following study compares, within the European context, life expectancy and happiness among men and women.

Spanish families changed significantly in the last two decades. To what point do socioeconomic factors or family structure influence children’s progress at school?

How does socioeconomic inequality affect the academic progress of students? Using recent data we analyse the case of Spain and how it compares with the rest of Europe.  

When the number of female breadwinner couples increases, the division of household chores should be more equitable. Is this really true or do women continue to shoulder a greater workload?

Ageing and the care of elderly people in rural areas pose a challenge and an opportunity for change: with an ever older and increasingly male population, men will have to become more involved in the caregiver role, traditionally associated with women.

A predominance of low-added value employment, lack of investment in innovation and precarious conditions for workers are distancing Spain from the knowledge economy. How can this situation be corrected?

Although the economic crisis has produced a generalised impoverishment of the different population segments in our country, the impact has been much greater among the poorer classes.