While the participation of female PhD holders in Portugal is situated above
the EU‑27 average in all fields of knowledge considered, in Spain the
participation of female PhD holders is situated below the European average
in the fields of art, humanities and social sciences.
While women continue to opt for more socially-oriented courses, this report
points out that the occupations most necessary in 2030 will be those linked
to the digital economy.
Some 23.1% of Spain’s GDP is assigned to programmes for the care of elderly
people, health, unemployment, disability, family, social exclusion and
housing.
Some 29% of Spaniards have a social position above that of their parents,
and over 40% believe they have risen above their grandparents on the social
ladder.